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Peking University〔Also written as Beijing University.〕 (abbreviated PKU and colloquially known by the Chinese as Běidà ; Chinese: 北京大学, pinyin: Běijīng Dàxué), is a major Chinese research university located in Beijing and a member of the C9 League. It is the first modern national university established in China, founded as the "Imperial University of Peking" in 1898 as a replacement of the ancient Taixue or Guozijian, or Imperial Academy.〔(Peking University's Historical Importance. Baidu )〕 It also served as the highest administration for education in China at the beginning of its founding.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History_Peking University )〕 By 1920, it had become a center for progressive thought. Alongside Tsinghua University, Peking University is consistently ranked as the top higher learning institution in mainland China.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Univ ranking in China 200 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World University Rankings 2014-15 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World University Rankings )〕 In addition to academics, Peking University is especially renowned for its campus grounds,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=15 Of The World's Most Beautiful Universities Revealed )〕 and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NUS PKU MBA - About Peking University - Overview )〕 Throughout its history, the university has educated and hosted many prominent modern Chinese thinkers, including figures such as: Lu Xun, Mao Zedong, Gu Hongming, Hu Shih, Li Dazhao, and Chen Duxiu.〔(Peking University - Mingren )〕 Peking University was influential in the birth of China's New Culture Movement, May Fourth Movement, the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989 and many other significant events.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Peking University )〕 == History == When it was established on July 3, 1898, the school was known as the Imperial University of Peking (). It was established to replace Taixue or Guozijian, or Imperial Academy, as part of the Hundred Days' Reform. In 1912, following the Xinhai Revolution, the Imperial University was renamed "National Peking University" (). The noted scholar Cai Yuanpei was appointed president on January 4, 1917, and helped transform the university into the country's largest institution of higher learning, with 14 departments and an enrollment of more than 2,000 students. Cai, inspired by the German model of academic freedom, recruited an intellectually diverse faculty that included Hu Shih, Chen Duxiu, and Lu Xun. In 1919, students of Peking University formed the bulk of the protesters of the May Fourth Movement. Efforts by the Beiyang government to end the protests by sealing off the Peking University campus led to Cai's resignation. In 1920, Peking University became the first Chinese university to accept female students, along with Nanking University.〔In 1920 Peking University firstly accepted several female audit students, but did not enroll female formal students, and Nanking University enrolled 8 female formal students and accepted 50 more female audit students, then the first Chinese female coeducational university graduates were from Nanking university.〕 After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 (and the resulting expansion of Japanese territorial control in east China), Peking University moved to Changsha and formed the Changsha Temporary University along with Tsinghua University and Nankai University. In 1938, the three schools moved again, this time to Kunming, and formed the National Southwestern Associated University. In 1946, after World War II, Peking University moved back to Beijing. At that time, the university comprised six schools (Arts, Science, Law, Medicine, Engineering, and Agriculture), and a research institute for humanities. The total student enrollment grew up to 3,000. In 1949, after the People's Republic of China was established, Peking University lost its "national" appellation to reflect the fact that all universities under the new socialist state would be public. In 1952, After the Korean war, the Chinese government re-grouped the country's higher education institutions with individual institutions tending to specialize in a certain field of study by Maozedong. As a result, arts and science faculties of Tsinghua University and Yenching University were merged into Peking University. At the same time, however, the university lost its Law, Medicine, Engineering and Agriculture schools. These schools and faculties were either merged into other universities or to found new colleges. During the re-grouping, Christian's Yenching University was closed, and Peking University moved from downtown Beijing to the former Yenching campus and obtained hers campus by their violence. The first disturbances of the Cultural Revolution began at Peking University in 1966; education there ceased between 1966 and 1970. In 2000, Beijing Medical University was merged into Peking University and became the Peking University Health Science Campus. Peking University now has eight affiliated hospitals and 12 teaching hospitals. In 2001, Peking University established the Yuanpei Program which was formalized in 2007 as Yuanpei College, named in honor of a highly respected former university president Cai Yuanpei. The college hosts an elite undergraduate liberal program for select students. In 2001, Peking University set up a satellite campus in Shenzhen. The university's second business school was launched on this campus in 2004. In 2014, Peking University announced Yenching Scholars, a new global graduate leaders program, which will be launched in 2015 and will be located in the recently completed residential Yenching Academy in the center of campus. The program will offer 100 elite students full scholarships for one-year of interdisciplinary studies leading to a master's degree. In 2014, Peking University joined the Asian Future Leaders Scholarship program, which will begin in 2015. The program will offer 100 students from East Asia a full scholarship for a MBA or MPA at a few leading universities in Asia, including Peking University. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peking University」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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